Alliaria petiolata, commonly known as garlic mustard or hedge garlic, is a biennial wildflower native to Europe and western Asia. It is easily recognized by its heart-shaped leaves that release a strong garlic scent when crushed, a feature reflected in both its common and scientific names. The genus name Alliaria refers to this garlic-like aroma, while petiolata highlights its long leaf stalks. Historically, the plant was used as a flavoring before true garlic became common, giving it a notable place in European culinary tradition.